这个可以帮助理解。I'm not sure how to understand iic., I assume it's in initio compositi 'at the start of a compound' - the opposite of ifc. (in fine compositi 'at the end of a compound'), but I would never expect to see a declined form at the start of a compound at least in Sanskrit, so I find that a very odd note.]
大约是：复合句的开始处 的意思。 initio 是拉丁语，最初，开始作者:
李洪志 時間: 2021-10-29 08:44
哇还是娘子厉害作者:
李洪志 時間: 2021-10-29 08:45
Nom 主格
Gen of 屬格
Abl from 離格
Dat to 與格
Loc in 位格
Inst with 器具格
Acc 受格
Voc 呼格作者:
李洪志 時間: 2021-10-29 10:29
sugata
sugata°gata mfn. going well VarBṛS
one who has fared well Hit
well-bestowed MW
m. a Buddha (-tva n.) Kathā;s. Jā;takam., Introd
a Buddhist, BudṭBuddhist teacher Hcat
-cetanā; f. N. of a Buddhist nun Buddh
-mitra m. N. of a man ib
-śā;sana n. the BudṭBuddhist doctrine Kathā;s
°tâyatana n. a BudṭBuddhist temple or monastery ib
°tâlaya m. id. L
°tâvadā;na n. N. of a BudṭBuddhist Sūtra wk作者:
李洪志 時間: 2021-10-29 10:30
Nouns have gender (M F N)
Nouns in Sanskrit, as in English, are spoken of as substantives (e.g., in possessing सत्त्व, “substance”). But whereas English only shows gender in the 3rd person pronoun (e.g., “he,” “she,” “it”), every noun in Sanskrit has an inherent gender (as in German, French, etc.). Gender—masculine, feminine, and neuter—is therefore a conventional rather than biological fact in Sanskrit. While males (male animals, titles, etc.) tend to be masculine and females tend to be feminine, even here there are exceptions. For example, one word for wife (दार) is masculine. On the other hand, one word for friend is neuter (मित्र) while another is masculine (सहाय).
Gender must therefore simply be memorized on a word by word basis. The reason you need to know a word’s gender is because words of different genders often take different case-endings. For example, the masculine singular nominative case-ending for -a final stems is ः (कूप → nom. कूपः), while the same for neuters is म् (वन → nom. वनम्) For this reason, you should add a nominative singular case ending to the nominal vocabulary in every lesson in the textbook, so that you can memorize words’ gender at the same time you memorize their meaning. For example, in Lesson 3, change the masculines beginning with अश्व to अश्वः, etc., and the neuters beginning with अन्न to अन्नम्, etc. This has already been done for you in the Anki flaschcard file.
abl. =.ablative case.
above ** a reference to somepreceding word (not necessarily in the same page).
ace. = accusative case.
accord, or ace. = according.
add. = Additions.
Adi-p. " Adi-parvan of the Mahabharata.
adj. = adjective (cf. mm.).
adv. = adverb.
alg. = algebra.
anat.
anatomy.
Angl.
Sax. = Anglo-Saxon.
anom. = anomalous.
Aor. or aor. = Aorist.
Arab. = Arabic.arithm. arithmetic.
Arm. or Armor. = Armoricanor the language of Brittany.
A mien. =s Armenian.
astrol. = astrology.
astron. = astronomy.
B. = Bombay edition.
Boh. or Bohem. = Bohemian.
Br. = Brahmana.
Bret. = Breton.
C. = Calcutta edition.
c. case.Cat. = catalogue or catalogues.
Caus. = Causal.
cf.= confer, compare.
ch.= chapter.
cl. = class.
Class. = Classical.
col., cols. =column, columns.
Comm. = commentator or commentary.
comp. =compound.
conipar.=comparative degree,concl.
conclusion.Cond. = Conditional,conj. = conjectural,cons. = consonant,dat. = dative case,defect. = defective.
Desid. = Desiderative.
dimin. = diminutive,dram. = dramatic language.
du. = dual number,ed. = edition.
e. g. = exempli gratia, ' for example.
'Eng. = English.
Ep. or ep. = Epic,esp.
especially,etym.
etymology.
f. = feminine,fig. = figuratively,fr. = from.put. or fut. future,fut.
p. p. = future passive participle.
g. = gana.
Gael. = Gaelic,gen. = genitive case,gend. = gender,geom.
geometry.Germ. = German.
Gk.== Greek.
Goth. Gothic.Gr. = Grammar.
Hib. = Hibernian or Irish.
Hind. = Hindi.
ib. = ibidem or 'in the same place or book or text' as the preceding.
ibc. =in the beginning of a compound.
Ice!. = Icelandic.
id. = idem or ' the same meaning as that of a preceding word.
'i.e. = id est.
ifc. = in fine compositi or ' at the end of a compound.
*impers. = impersonal or usedimpersonally.
impf. = imperfect tense.
Impv. = imperative.
ind. = indeclinable.
inf. = infinitive mood.
Inscr. = Inscriptions.
instr. = instrumental case.
Intens. = Intensive.
interpol. = interpolation.
Introd.
v Introduction.
Ion. = Ionic.
irr.
irregular.
L. = lexicographers (i.
e.
a word or meaning which although given in native lexicons, has not yet been met with in any published text).
Lat. = Latin.
lat.
= latitude.
Lett. = Lettish.
lit. = literally.
Lith. = Lithuanian.
loc. = locative case.
log. = logic.
long. = longitude.
m. = masculine gender.
math. = mathematics.
m. c. = metri causa.
medic.
medicine.
metron. = metronymic.
mm. = masculine, feminine,and neuter or = adjective.
Mod.
modern.
MS., MSS. = manuscript, manuscripts.
myth. = mythology.
N. = Name (also title or epithet).
n. =" neuter gender.
neg. = negative.
Nom. Nominal verb.
nom. = nominative case.
obs. = obsolete.
onomat. = onomatopoetic (i.
e. formed from imitation of sounds).
opp. = to opposed to.
opt. = optative.
orig. = originally.
Osset-=Ossetic.
others = according to others.
P. = Parasmai-pada.
p. = page and participle (cf.p. p.).
parox. =paroxytone.
part.
participle.
partic.
particular.
Pass. = Passive voice.
pair. = patronymic.
perh. = perhaps.
Pers. = Persian.
pers. = person.
pf. = perfect tense.
phil. = philosophy.
pi.
plural number.
poet.
poetry or poetic.
Pot.
Potential.
p.
p. = past participle.
Pr. = proper.
PrSk.
or Prikr.
-Prikrit.
Prec. = precative.
prec. = preceding.
prep, and prepos. = preposition.
pres.
= present tense.
priv. = privative.
prob. = probably.
pron. = pronoun.
pronom. = pronominal.
propar. = proparoxytone.
Pruss. = Prussian.
q.
v. = quod vide.
redupl. = reduplicated.
Reflex. = Reflexive or usedreflexively.
rhet. = rhetoric.
rt.
, rts. = root, roots.
Russ. = Russian.
RV. = Rig-veda.
Sax. = Saxon.
sc.
and scil. = scilicet.
Sch.
and Schol. = Scholiast or Commentator.
Scot. = Scotch or HighlandScotch.
seq. = sequens.
sev.
several.
sing.
singular.
Slav. = Slavonic or Slavonian.
Subj. = subjunctive.
subst. = substantive.
surf. = suffix.
superl. = superlative degree.
surg. = surgery.
s.
v. =sub voce, i.
e.
the word in the Sanskrit order.
Virt.
and Virtt. = Varttika.
vb. = verb.
Ved.
-Vedicor Veda.
v.
1.
varia lectio.
voc.
vocative case.
vow.
vowel,wk.
work.
w.
r. = wrong reading.
Zd. = Zend.作者:
李洪志 時間: 2021-10-29 11:22
jvalamānās-
【jvalamānās-】[jval]→{ ppr. [1] md. acc. pl. f. } ; { ppr. [1] md. nom. pl. f. } ; { ppr. [1] md. nom. pl. m. } ; { ppr. [1] md. voc. pl. f. } ; { ppr. [1] md. voc. pl. m. }-p.作者:
李洪志 時間: 2021-10-29 11:25
，而中性词也是 m (one → nom. vanam) 因此，您应该添加主格单数课本每节课以名词性词汇结尾，这样你就可以在记住词义的同时记住词的性别。例如，在第 3 课中，将以 Ashwa 开头的男性更改为 Ashwa 等，将以 Annam 开头的中性更改为 Annam 等。这已经在 Anki flaschcard 文件中为您完成了。