http://www.introductory-sanskrit.com/3-nomacc.html
Nouns have gender (M F N)
Nouns in Sanskrit, as in English, are spoken of as substantives (e.g., in possessing सत्त्व, “substance”). But whereas English only shows gender in the 3rd person pronoun (e.g., “he,” “she,” “it”), every noun in Sanskrit has an inherent gender (as in German, French, etc.). Gender—masculine, feminine, and neuter—is therefore a conventional rather than biological fact in Sanskrit. While males (male animals, titles, etc.) tend to be masculine and females tend to be feminine, even here there are exceptions. For example, one word for wife (दार) is masculine. On the other hand, one word for friend is neuter (मित्र) while another is masculine (सहाय).
Gender must therefore simply be memorized on a word by word basis. The reason you need to know a word’s gender is because words of different genders often take different case-endings. For example, the masculine singular nominative case-ending for -a final stems is ः (कूप → nom. कूपः), while the same for neuters is म् (वन → nom. वनम्) For this reason, you should add a nominative singular case ending to the nominal vocabulary in every lesson in the textbook, so that you can memorize words’ gender at the same time you memorize their meaning. For example, in Lesson 3, change the masculines beginning with अश्व to अश्वः, etc., and the neuters beginning with अन्न to अन्नम्, etc. This has already been done for you in the Anki flaschcard file.
名词有性别（MFN）
梵语中的名词，就像英语中一样，被称为实体（例如，在拥有本质时，“物质”）。但是，尽管英语仅在第三人称代词中显示性别（例如，“他”、“她”、“它”），但梵语中的每个名词都具有固有的性别（如德语、法语等）。因此，性别——男性、女性和中性——在梵文中是一个传统的而非生物学的事实。虽然男性（雄性动物、头衔等）倾向于男性化，女性倾向于女性化，但即使在这里也有例外。例如，妻子的一个词是男性化。另一方面，朋友的一个词是中性（朋友），而另一个词是阳性（帮助）。
因此，性别必须简单地逐字记忆。您需要知道一个词的性别的原因是因为不同性别的词通常采用不同的大小写结尾。例如，-a 最终词干的阳性单数主格结尾是 : (coupe → nom. coupe
，而中性词也是 m (one → nom. vanam) 因此，您应该添加主格单数课本每节课以名词性词汇结尾，这样你就可以在记住词义的同时记住词的性别。例如，在第 3 课中，将以 Ashwa 开头的男性更改为 Ashwa 等，将以 Annam 开头的中性更改为 Annam 等。这已经在 Anki flaschcard 文件中为您完成了。
Gender—masculine, feminine, and neuter
性别——男性、女性和中性
